Purple loosestrife is semi-aquatic weed that is found in
virtually every county in Washington State and every state in the
United States
except
for Florida. Purple loosestrife infests environmentally sensitive
habitats such as meadows, marshes, streams and river-banks, and lake
shores as well as irrigation ditches, drainage ditches, and
storm-water retention basins. Loosestrife harms wetlands by crowding
out native wetland plants and by eliminating nutritional food
sources and shelter for wetland wildlife that has adapted to
specific plant communities. Loosestrife also chokes out both natural
and artificial waterways, slowing natural flows and promoting
deposit of silt. This process causes long-term water quality
degradation and requires costly maintenance including dredging and
cleaning of drainage and irrigation ditches.
Purple loosestrife flourishes in many parts of our state due in
part to the relative lack of natural enemies. Loosestrife is also a
prolific seed producer as individual plants are capable of producing
over a million seeds. The seeds are very small, about the size of
ground pepper, and are easily transported by water, wind, wildlife,
boats, boat trailers and vehicles. When conditions are right, a
small isolated cluster of loosestrife plants can spread and cover a
marsh in one growing season, spelling a quiet death for wetlands as
a natural ecosystem.
Complete eradication of purple loosestrife from Washington State
is not possible at this time due largely to the extent of the
infestation and the limited control options currently available. The
availability of a selective herbicide approved for use in wetland
areas would facilitate control efforts. Currently herbicide control
options are limited to Rodeo®, which is relatively
non-selective, and 2,4-D which is selective but only approved by the
Department of Ecology for use in very limited instances.